1. Problems before birth; during or relating to pregnancy period can effect later childhood development. Some potential problems include exposure to drugs, toxins, and diseases. Genetic issues such as inherited diseases and chromosomal anomalies can also impact child development.
2. Researchers have found that parenting styles can influence child development outcomes. For example, children raised by commanding parents tend to grow up to be happy and capable while those raised by lenient parents tend to have more problems with authority figures such as teachers and are less successful in school.
3. The interaction between genes and environmental variable scan influence how a child develops. For example, a child's genes might dictate that she grows to be very tall (5’10) but if she does not receive proper nourishment (e.g. balanced diet, calcium intake, enough sleep) as she is growing she might never achieve his full height.
4. Baby talk has been shown to aid in the development of language. The use of simplified vocabulary, exaggerated vocalizations, and higher-pitched intonations helps babies learn words with better speed and ease.
5. Physical development in early childhood, growth follows a directional pattern. The centre of the body develops before the extremities, (e.g. hands and feet) large muscles develop before small ones, and development follows a top-down process starting at the head and moving down to the toes.
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